1. A patient with stage 3, chronic renal failure would be expected to have:

2.      Acute renal failure (ARF) caused by parenchymal damage to the glomeruli or kidney tubules results in all of the following except:

3. Dietary intervention for renal deterioration includes limiting the intake of:

4. Oliguria is a clinical sign of ARF that refers to a daily urine output of:

5. A fall in CO2- combining power and blood pH indicates what state accompanying renal function?

6.   Decreased levels of erythropoietin, a substance normally secreted by the kidneys, leads to which serious complication of chronic renal failure?

7. With peritoneal dialysis, urea and creatinine pass through the peritoneum by:

8. Potassium intake can be restricted by eliminating high-potassium foods such as:

9. A patient with ARF and negative nitrogen balance is expected to lose about:

10. Acute glomerulonephritis refers to a group of kidney diseases in which there is:

11.    A clinical diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome is consistent with an exceedingly high level of:

12. . The leading cause of end-stage renal disease is:

13.       Hyperkalemia is a serious electrolyte imbalance that occurs in ARF and results from:

14. An incomplete protein not recommended for the diet of a patient managed by long-term hemodialysis is that found in:

15. In chronic renal failure (end-stage renal disease), decreased glomerular filtration leads to

16.    Laboratory findings consistent with acute glomerulonephritis include all of the following except:

17. The most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in an acutely ill patient is:

18. A patient is admitted with electrolyte imbalance. He has carpopedal spasm, ECG changes, and a positive Chvostek’s sign. The nurse suspects a deficit of:

19.     Recent research about the long-term toxicity of aluminum products has led physicians to recommend antacids that lower serum phosphorus, such as:

20.    The nurse notes that a patient who is retaining fluid had a 1-kg weight gain. The nurse knows that this is equivalent to about: