1. In most cases, the major stimulus to acute glomerulonephritis is:

2. An incomplete protein not recommended for the diet of a patient managed by long-term hemodialysis is that found in:

3. Laboratory findings consistent with acute glomerulonephritis include all of the following except:

4. Decreased levels of erythropoietin, a substance normally secreted by the kidneys, leads to which serious complication of chronic renal failure?

5. Chronic glomerulonephritis is manifested by:

6. The nurse notes that a patient who is retaining fluid had a 1-kg weight gain. The nurse knows that this is equivalent to about:

7. The process that underlies and supports the procedure of hemodialysis is:

8. Dietary intervention for renal deterioration includes limiting the intake of:

9. The most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in an acutely ill patient is:

10. Recent research about the long-term toxicity of aluminum products has led physicians to recommend antacids that lower serum phosphorus, such as:

11. Oliguria is a clinical sign of ARF that refers to a daily urine output of:

12. Potassium intake can be restricted by eliminating high-potassium foods such as:

13. A clinical diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome is consistent with an exceedingly high level of:

14. Acute glomerulonephritis refers to a group of kidney diseases in which there is:

15. Postoperative management for a recipient of a transplanted kidney includes:

16. The major manifestation of nephrotic syndrome is:

17. A fall in CO2-combining power and blood pH indicates what state accompanying renal function?

18. In chronic renal failure (end-stage renal disease), decreased glomerular filtration leads to:

19. A patient with stage 3, chronic renal failure would be expected to have:

20. A patient is admitted with electrolyte imbalance. He has carpopedal spasm, ECG changes, and a positive Chvostek’s sign. The nurse suspects a deficit of:

21. Hyperkalemia is a serious electrolyte imbalance that occurs in ARF and results from:

22. Acute renal failure (ARF) caused by parenchymal damage to the glomeruli or kidney tubules results in all of the following except:

23. With peritoneal dialysis, urea and creatinine pass through the peritoneum by:

24. The leading cause of end-stage renal disease is:

25. The major danger after renal surgery is:

26. A patient with ARF and negative nitrogen balance is expected to lose about:

27. At the end of five peritoneal exchanges, the patient’s fluid loss was 500 mL. This loss is equal to approximately:

28. Preoperative management for a patient who is to undergo kidney transportation includes: