C: Sperm eventually reach the fallopian tube after gaining entry to the uterus via the cervix. The urethra is not part of the female reproductive tract.

C: Progesterone prepares the uterus lining for pregnancy and causes the number of peg cells in the fallopian tube to increase.

C: Oogenesis occurs before birth while spermiogenesis continues from puberty to death. Both are promoted by FSH.

B: Clitoris is the most ventral structure, while the anus is the most dorsal. The urethra is between the clitoris and vagina.

A: LH targets interstitial (Leydig) cells to produce testosterone. GnRH stimulates the ant pit to secrete FSH and LH.

D: The seminiferous tubules of the testes produce sperm.

A: In the seminiferous tubules; stem cells called spermatogonia undergo meiosis to become sperm cells.

D: Progesterone causes the lining of the uterus to thicken in preparation for implantation.

A: FSH in the presence of testosterone stimulates spermiogenesis.

D: Vasectomy involves removing a piece of the ductus deferens (vas deferens) from a site within the scrotum.

D: The thecal cells of the follicles produce androstenedione which is absorbed by the granulosa cells and used to produce estrogens. The corpus luteum does secrete some estrogens too.

B: The epididymis stores sperm for 2–3 months during which time they mature.

B: The fertilised egg, before it begins to divide, is known as a zygote.

A: Menarche is the first menstrual cycle, or first menstrual bleeding, in female humans.

B: In the prostate, sperm are mixed with seminal fluid from the seminal vesicles. This fluid mobilises the flagellum of a sperm cell.

D: A surge of LH release from the anterior pituitary gland causes the mature follicle to release its ovum. GnRH stimulates the release of FSH, while the secondary sex characteristics are maintained by estrogens.

B: Bartholin’s glands (or greater vestibular glands) are possessed by women. The male homologue is Cowper’s gland (bulbourethral glands). The inguinal canal is present in women where it attaches to the round ligament of the uterus, as well as in men.

C: Choices A and B are caused by FSH, while progesterone causes the uterus epithelium to proliferate.

C: The remarkably named tunica vaginalis is the membrane that lines the scrotal cavity in men. Both women and men produce gametes, androgens and FSH.

C: The seminal vesicles provide about 60% of ejaculate volume.